1. Spectrophotometer: A spectrophotometer is a scientific instrument used to measure the intensity of light at different wavelengths in the electromagnetic spectrum. It is commonly used in fields such as chemistry, biology, and physics to analyze the properties of substances based on how they interact with light. 2. Microscope: A microscope is a tool that allows scientists to observe objects that are too small to be seen with the naked eye. It uses lenses and light to magnify tiny structures, such as cells, bacteria, and minerals, in order to study their characteristics and behavior. 3. Gas chromatograph: A gas chromatograph is an analytical instrument used to separate and identify the components of a mixture of gases. It works by passing the gas sample through a column filled with a stationary phase, where the components interact differently and are separated based on their properties. 4. Mass spectrometer: A mass spectrometer is a device used to measure the mass-to-charge ratio of ions in a sample. It can analyze the composition of a substance based on the fragment ions produced when the sample is ionized and separated by their mass to charge ratio. 5. DNA sequencer: A DNA sequencer is a device that determines the precise sequence of nucleotides in a DNA molecule. This information is crucial for understanding genetic traits, studying evolutionary relationships, and diagnosing genetic disorders.