Subsidence is the gradual sinking or settling of the ground surface due to various factors, such as the removal of underground fluids, mining activities, natural geological processes, and human-induced activities like groundwater extraction and construction. It can lead to structural damage to buildings, infrastructure, and land, as well as environmental issues such as sinkholes, changes in groundwater levels, and altered surface drainage patterns. Subsidence is a complex and geographically diverse phenomenon that requires careful monitoring, assessment, and mitigation strategies to minimize its impacts on society and the environment. Research in this area focuses on understanding the causes, mechanisms, and effects of subsidence, as well as developing techniques to prevent, predict, and manage subsidence-related risks.