Orogeny is the process of mountain building, typically caused by tectonic plate movements and the resulting collision and deformation of the Earth's crust. It involves the folding, faulting, and uplifting of rock layers, leading to the formation of mountain ranges and other geologic features. Orogenic events can be identified by the presence of thrust faults, folded rock layers, and metamorphic rocks within mountain ranges. Orogeny plays a key role in shaping the Earth's surface and can have significant impacts on the environment, climate, and geological processes.