Masculinity refers to the set of traits, behaviors, and roles that are typically associated with men and boys in society. This includes characteristics such as strength, aggressiveness, independence, and emotional restraint. Research on masculinity explores how these gender norms and expectations are constructed, reinforced, and performed in various contexts, such as relationships, work, and media. It also examines how masculinity can be toxic or harmful, leading to issues such as violence, sexism, and mental health problems. Scholars in this area also analyze how men's experiences of masculinity intersect with other aspects of their identity, such as race, sexuality, and class. Overall, research on masculinity seeks to understand the complexities and impact of gender norms on individuals and society.