Floods are natural disasters characterized by the overflowing of water onto land that is usually dry. They can be caused by heavy rainfall, hurricanes, melting snow, dam failures, or other factors that lead to an excessive amount of water. Floods can cause extensive damage to infrastructure, homes, and ecosystems, as well as lead to loss of life and displacement of communities. Research in this area focuses on understanding the causes and impacts of floods, developing ways to predict and mitigate their effects, and creating strategies for effective flood management and preparedness. This includes studying hydrology, flood modeling, flood risk assessment, flood forecasting, and flood response and recovery measures. Additionally, researchers may also investigate the relationship between floods and climate change, as well as explore the social, economic, and environmental dimensions of flooding events.