Derivation is a mathematical process that involves finding the rate of change of a function at a given point. It is a fundamental concept in calculus and is used to determine the slope of a curve, the velocity of an object, or the rate of growth of a population, among other things. Derivation is essential in both pure mathematics and applied fields such as physics, engineering, economics, and biology. It is typically taught in advanced high school or college-level calculus courses.