Conifers are a type of cone-bearing tree that belong to the division Pinophyta. They are characterized by their needle-like or scale-like leaves, which typically remain green throughout the year, and their cones, which are the reproductive structures of the tree. Conifers are widespread and can be found in a variety of environments, from tropical to polar regions. They play an important role in ecosystems by providing habitat and food for a wide range of animals, as well as helping to regulate the climate and prevent erosion. Research on conifers often focuses on their ecology, genetics, physiology, and conservation.