Antarctic research focuses on studying the unique and extreme environment of the Antarctic continent, surrounding Southern Ocean, and their impacts on global climate change. Researchers study a wide range of topics including glaciology, marine biology, climate science, and atmospheric research. This research is important for understanding the Earth's climate system, as Antarctica plays a critical role in regulating global climate patterns and sea level rise. Scientists also study the effects of human activities, such as tourism and research activities, on the fragile Antarctic ecosystem.