X-ray research involves the use of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths shorter than those of visible light to investigate the internal structure of materials. X-rays are commonly used in medical imaging to visualize bones and tissues, but they are also used in scientific research to study the atomic and molecular structures of materials. X-ray research techniques include X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, and X-ray crystallography, which can provide valuable information about the composition and arrangement of materials at the atomic level. X-ray research is used in a wide range of fields, including materials science, chemistry, biology, and physics.