Transcription is the process by which genetic information encoded in DNA is transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA) by the enzyme RNA polymerase. This mRNA is then translated into proteins by ribosomes. Transcription is a fundamental process in the central dogma of molecular biology and is crucial for gene expression and regulation. Researchers study transcription to understand the mechanisms involved in gene expression, how genes are turned on and off, and how mutations or dysregulation in the transcription process can lead to diseases such as cancer. Techniques such as RNA sequencing, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and gene expression analysis are commonly used in transcription research.