Human trafficking is the illegal trade of human beings for the purposes of forced labor, sexual exploitation, or commercial exploitation. It is a form of modern-day slavery that involves the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring, or receipt of persons through force, fraud, or coercion. Trafficking victims may be men, women, or children, and they are often vulnerable individuals who are deceived, coerced, or forced into exploitative situations. Trafficking can occur domestically or across international borders, and it is a complex and widespread crime that poses serious human rights violations. Research in this area aims to understand the root causes of trafficking, identify the patterns and dynamics of trafficking networks, and develop strategies to prevent and combat this crime.