1. Qualitative research tradition: Qualitative research is focused on understanding and interpreting human behavior and experiences through methods such as interviews, observations, and focus groups. This tradition aims to uncover rich, detailed insights into the complexities of human interactions, beliefs, and emotions. 2. Quantitative research tradition: Quantitative research is focused on collecting and analyzing numerical data to identify patterns, trends, and relationships. This tradition involves using statistical methods to draw conclusions and make predictions based on objective data. 3. Mixed-methods research tradition: Mixed-methods research combines elements of both qualitative and quantitative research approaches to provide a more comprehensive understanding of a research topic. This tradition involves collecting and analyzing both numerical and descriptive data to gain insights from multiple perspectives. 4. Action research tradition: Action research is a participatory form of inquiry that involves collaboration between researchers and practitioners to address practical problems or challenges. This tradition emphasizes the importance of empowering individuals and communities to identify and implement solutions to improve their own circumstances. 5. Feminist research tradition: Feminist research is grounded in principles of gender equality and social justice, aiming to challenge traditional power structures and give voice to marginalized groups. This tradition seeks to uncover and address issues of gender bias, discrimination, and inequality through research methods that prioritize the perspectives and experiences of women and other marginalized individuals. 6. Indigenous research tradition: Indigenous research centers indigenous knowledge, perspectives, and methodologies in the research process, honoring and respecting indigenous ways of knowing. This tradition emphasizes collaboration and reciprocity with indigenous communities, ensuring that research is conducted in a culturally sensitive and ethical manner.