Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic infection caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii. It is considered one of the most common parasitic infections in the world, with an estimated 30-50% of the global population infected. The parasite can infect humans through ingesting contaminated food or water, handling cat litter, or through organ transplantation or blood transfusions. Most healthy individuals with toxoplasmosis do not experience any symptoms, but the infection can be serious for pregnant women and individuals with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS or undergoing chemotherapy. In pregnant women, toxoplasmosis can lead to serious complications for the fetus, including birth defects or miscarriage. Research on toxoplasmosis focuses on understanding the biology of the parasite, developing diagnostic tests, exploring treatment options, and investigating ways to prevent infection. Additionally, there is ongoing research into the potential links between toxoplasmosis and certain psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia.