System-on-chip (SoC) is a technology that integrates all components of a computer or electronic system, including central processing units (CPUs), memory, input/output interfaces, and other necessary components, onto a single integrated circuit (IC) or microchip. SoCs are commonly used in various applications, such as mobile devices, automotive systems, and Internet of Things (IoT) devices, due to their compact size, low power consumption, and cost-effectiveness. SoC research focuses on designing, developing, and optimizing these integrated circuits to improve efficiency, performance, and functionality. This includes optimizing the design of individual components, improving the communication and coordination between components, minimizing power consumption, and enhancing security features. Research in this area also explores new technologies and methodologies to further advance the capabilities of SoCs and address emerging challenges in complex electronic systems.