1. Qualitative research: Qualitative research involves collecting, analyzing, and interpreting non-numerical data, such as words, images, or observations. This type of research focuses on understanding individuals' experiences, beliefs, or behaviors in depth. 2. Experimental research: Experimental research involves manipulating a variable to see its effect on another variable, often in a controlled laboratory setting. This type of research aims to establish cause-and-effect relationships between variables. 3. Survey research: Survey research involves gathering data from a population through the use of questionnaires or interviews. This method is commonly used to understand attitudes, opinions, or behaviors of a large group of people. 4. Case study research: Case study research involves in-depth exploration of a specific individual, group, or event. This approach allows researchers to gather detailed information and gain a deeper understanding of a particular case. 5. Mixed-methods research: Mixed-methods research involves combining qualitative and quantitative research methods in a single study. By using both types of data collection and analysis, researchers can provide a more comprehensive understanding of a research topic. 6. Action research: Action research involves conducting research in collaboration with stakeholders to address a specific problem or issue. This approach usually aims to bring about practical, positive change in a real-world setting. 7. Grounded theory research: Grounded theory research involves developing a theory based on the systematic analysis of data collected from interviews, observations, or documents. This approach allows researchers to generate new theories or conceptual frameworks based on empirical evidence.