Staging refers to the process of determining the extent and progression of a disease, such as cancer, in order to plan appropriate treatment and prognosis. This process involves various diagnostic tests, imaging studies, and examinations to assess the size of the primary tumor, the extent of spread to nearby tissues or lymph nodes, and the presence of metastasis to distant organs. Staging systems for different types of cancer help healthcare providers accurately assess the severity of the disease and guide decisions about treatment options. Staging is a critical component of cancer care and can significantly impact patient outcomes.