Smartphones are mobile devices that combine the functionality of a phone with the capabilities of a computer. They typically feature touchscreens, internet connectivity, and a wide range of apps and services that allow users to communicate, access information, and perform various tasks on the go. Smartphones have become an essential part of modern life, serving as a primary means of communication and a key tool for accessing information and entertainment. Research in the area of smartphones focuses on improving device performance, enhancing user experiences, and exploring new technologies and applications for these ubiquitous devices.