Self-reference is a concept in psychology and philosophy that describes the ability of an individual or system to refer to itself. This can manifest in various forms, such as self-awareness, self-reflection, and self-identification. Self-reference plays a key role in cognitive processes, social interactions, and the development of individual identity. In research, self-reference is studied in fields such as cognitive science, artificial intelligence, and systems theory to better understand how individuals perceive and interact with themselves and the world around them.