Secularism is the principle of separating religion and government, ensuring that religious beliefs do not influence or dictate government policies and decisions. It promotes the notion of a neutral public sphere that allows individuals of all beliefs to coexist peacefully and freely practice their religion without interference from the state. Secularism is often seen as a way to protect individual rights, promote diversity, and maintain social harmony in pluralistic societies. Research in secularism focuses on the history, impact, and implementation of this principle in various countries and contexts. It also explores the relationship between religion and politics, the role of religious institutions in society, and the challenges posed by religious extremism or fundamentalism to secular values.