S-nitrosation is a post-translational modification in which a nitric oxide molecule (NO) is covalently attached to the thiol group of a cysteine residue in a protein. This modification, also known as S-nitrosylation, plays a crucial role in regulating protein function, signaling pathways, and cellular processes related to nitric oxide signaling. S-nitrosation has been associated with various physiological and pathological conditions, such as cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer. Research in this area focuses on understanding the mechanisms and consequences of S-nitrosation in different biological systems, as well as developing strategies to modulate this modification for therapeutic purposes.