Robustness refers to the ability of a system or process to withstand variations or disturbances in its environment without losing its functionality or efficiency. In the context of research, robustness refers to the reliability and stability of experimental results, models, or methodologies in the face of different conditions, assumptions, or sources of error. Researchers aim to ensure the robustness of their findings by testing them under different scenarios, using various methodologies, and addressing potential sources of bias or uncertainty. This helps to ensure that their conclusions are valid and applicable across a range of conditions or contexts.