Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment (QMRA) is a scientific approach used to assess and quantify the risk of human exposure to microbial pathogens in various environments, such as food, water, and air. It involves the use of mathematical models to estimate the likelihood of infection or illness resulting from exposure to specific pathogens, taking into account factors such as the level of contamination, exposure pathways, and human susceptibility. QMRA is used to inform decision-making and risk management strategies aimed at reducing the potential for microbial infections and improving public health.