- TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol): TCP/IP is a set of networking protocols used for communication on the internet. It allows devices to communicate with each other by specifying how data should be formatted, transmitted, routed, and received. - HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol): HTTP is a protocol used for transferring hypertext over the internet. It is the foundation of data communication in the World Wide Web and specifies how web servers and browsers should communicate with each other. - FTP (File Transfer Protocol): FTP is a protocol used for transferring files over a network, typically between a client and a server. It allows users to securely upload and download files to and from a remote server. - SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol): SMTP is a protocol used for sending email messages between servers. It specifies how email should be formatted, transmitted, and delivered to its intended recipients. - DNS (Domain Name System): DNS is a protocol used for translating domain names into IP addresses. It is the system that allows users to access websites using human-readable domain names, rather than numerical IP addresses. - DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol): DHCP is a protocol used to automatically assign IP addresses and network configuration settings to devices on a network. It simplifies the process of setting up and managing a network by allowing devices to obtain their network configurations dynamically. - SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol): SNMP is a protocol used for managing and monitoring network devices. It allows network administrators to collect information about device performance, detect and resolve network issues, and remotely configure devices.