Prolactin is a hormone produced by the pituitary gland that plays a key role in lactation and reproductive health. It is primarily known for its role in stimulating milk production in breastfeeding mothers. However, it also has other functions in both men and women, such as regulating the menstrual cycle, influencing immune function, and supporting overall well-being. Research in the field of prolactin is focused on understanding the hormone's various functions, how it is regulated in the body, and its potential role in disease and health conditions. This includes studying prolactin's effects on fertility, its relationship to certain cancers and other diseases, and exploring potential therapeutic interventions targeting prolactin signaling. Overall, research on prolactin is important for gaining a better understanding of its role in human health and disease, as well as for identifying potential treatment options for various conditions associated with prolactin dysregulation.