Phylogeography is a field of study that combines principles from genetics and geography to understand the evolutionary history and geographical distribution of species. It aims to investigate how genetic variation within a species is distributed across different geographic regions, and how historical events such as migrations, population expansions, and environmental changes have shaped this variation. By analyzing genetic data in conjunction with geographic and ecological data, researchers can elucidate the relationships between populations, species, and ecosystems, ultimately providing insights into evolutionary processes and the conservation of biodiversity.