Pathology is the branch of medical science that explores the causes and effects of diseases. It involves the study of the structural and functional changes that occur in the body as a result of diseases or injuries. Pathologists examine tissue samples, blood, and other body fluids to diagnose diseases and determine the appropriate treatment. They also investigate the underlying causes of diseases and provide important information to healthcare providers about the progression and prognosis of diseases. Pathology plays a crucial role in the field of medicine by helping to improve diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of various diseases.