Pathologies refer to the abnormal conditions or diseases that affect the structure or function of an organism. In research, the study of pathologies involves investigating the causes, mechanisms, and treatments of various diseases and disorders. This can include studying the molecular and cellular processes that underlie diseases, as well as the impact they have on tissues, organs, and overall health. Some common research areas within pathologies include cancer research, infectious diseases, autoimmune disorders, neurological disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and metabolic disorders. Researchers may use a variety of techniques, including molecular biology, genetics, biochemistry, and imaging, to study these conditions and develop new therapies or interventions for patients. Overall, the study of pathologies is crucial for advancing our understanding of disease processes and improving healthcare outcomes for individuals affected by these conditions.