Pastoralism is a form of agriculture in which livestock are raised on natural pasturelands, rather than being confined to feedlots or barns. It is a traditional and sustainable way of life for many communities around the world, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions where crop cultivation is difficult. Pastoralists rely on their herds of animals, such as cattle, sheep, and goats, for meat, milk, and other products. They often move their livestock between different grazing areas in search of fresh pasture and water, a practice known as transhumance. Pastoralism has long been a key aspect of the economies and cultures of many societies, providing food security and income for millions of people. However, pastoralists also face numerous challenges, such as land degradation, climate change, and conflicts with settled farmers over access to land and water resources. Research in pastoralism seeks to better understand the ecological, social, and economic dynamics of these systems, as well as to develop sustainable practices and policies to support pastoralist communities. This includes studying livestock management practices, natural resource management, resilience to climate change, and strategies for conflict resolution.