Optimization is a research area focused on finding the best solution among a range of possible alternatives to solve a given problem. This can involve maximizing or minimizing a certain objective, such as maximizing profit or minimizing cost. Optimization techniques can be used across various fields such as engineering, economics, and computer science to address complex problems and improve decision-making processes. Common methods used in optimization include linear programming, genetic algorithms, and simulated annealing. The goal of optimization research is to develop efficient algorithms and strategies to find the most optimal solution to a problem.