Optimization is a research area that focuses on finding the best possible solution to a problem within a given set of constraints. This can include mathematical optimization, where algorithms are used to find the optimal solution to a mathematical model, as well as optimization in engineering and computer science, where algorithms are used to improve the efficiency and performance of systems and processes. Optimization techniques are used in a wide range of fields, including operations research, machine learning, and economics, to help organizations make better decisions and achieve optimal outcomes.