Nitration is a chemical reaction in which a nitro group (-NO2) is added to a molecule, typically an organic compound. This process is often used in the production of explosives, pharmaceuticals, and dyes. Nitration can involve the use of strong acids and can be highly exothermic and potentially hazardous if not properly controlled. Researchers may study the mechanisms and conditions of nitration reactions to optimize product yield and minimize unwanted byproducts. Additionally, the study of nitration can also be important in understanding environmental and health effects of nitro compounds.