Near-field research refers to the study of electromagnetic waves and their interactions with objects and materials in close proximity, typically within a distance of one wavelength or less. This field of research is concerned with understanding how electromagnetic fields behave in close proximity to surfaces and structures, and how they can be manipulated or controlled for various applications such as wireless communications, sensing, and imaging. Near-field research is important for developing new technologies and improving existing ones, especially in the fields of antenna design, microscopy, and nanotechnology.