Modulation is a research area within the field of signal processing and telecommunications that focuses on the process of varying a carrier signal in order to transmit information. Modulation techniques are used to encode data onto a carrier signal, allowing it to be transmitted more efficiently and reliably over a communication channel. Different modulation schemes, such as amplitude modulation (AM), frequency modulation (FM), and phase modulation (PM), are used in various communication systems to achieve different objectives such as increasing the data rate, minimizing signal interference, or improving signal quality. Researchers in modulation work on developing new techniques, improving existing methods, and studying the impact of modulation on communication systems.