Machining is a manufacturing process in which a piece of material is cut, shaped, or formed using a machine tool. This process involves removing material from a workpiece to create the desired shape and size. Machining can be performed using various tools such as lathes, mills, drills, and grinders. It is a critical process in the production of parts and components for a wide range of industries, including automotive, aerospace, and electronics. Advances in machining technology have led to increased precision, efficiency, and versatility in manufacturing processes. Research in machining focuses on improving cutting techniques, tool materials, cutting fluids, and overall process optimization to enhance productivity and quality of machined components.