Lithography is a process used in the manufacturing of microelectronics and nanotechnology devices. It involves transferring a pattern onto a substrate, typically using light or other forms of radiation, to create intricate structures on a microscopic scale. Lithography plays a crucial role in the production of integrated circuits, semiconductor devices, and other high-tech products. Different types of lithography techniques, such as photolithography, electron beam lithography, and nanoimprint lithography, are used depending on the specific requirements of the application. This research area is constantly evolving to meet the growing demand for smaller, more powerful electronic devices.