Kriging is a geostatistical technique used to interpolate values across spatial locations based on existing data points. It is commonly used in environmental science, agriculture, and geology to estimate values at unsampled locations by incorporating information about the spatial relationships between data points. Kriging takes into account the spatial autocorrelation of the data and generates a predictive surface that minimizes the prediction error. This method is particularly useful for creating maps or surfaces of continuous variables such as soil contamination levels, rainfall patterns, or mineral deposits.