Hepatocytes are the main functional cells of the liver, responsible for performing a wide range of metabolic functions including detoxification, protein synthesis, and regulation of glucose levels in the bloodstream. Research into hepatocytes focuses on understanding how these cells function under normal conditions and in various liver diseases, including hepatitis, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. This research aims to improve the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of liver diseases by elucidating the underlying mechanisms that govern hepatocyte function and dysfunction. Additionally, studies on hepatocytes also play a crucial role in the development of liver transplantation techniques and bioengineering of liver tissue for regenerative medicine purposes.