Genotyping is the process of determining the genetic makeup of an individual or organism by analyzing its DNA. This can involve identifying specific genetic variations, such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), insertions or deletions, or copy number variations. Genotyping is used in a variety of fields, including medical genetics, plant and animal breeding, forensic science, and evolutionary biology. It is often performed using techniques such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), DNA sequencing, or microarray analysis. Genotyping can provide valuable information about an individual's susceptibility to certain diseases, their response to medications, or their evolutionary relationship to other organisms.