Formative research is a type of qualitative research that is conducted at the beginning stages of a project or program to gather information that will inform the development of interventions, strategies, or materials. This research is typically used to better understand the target audience, their needs, behaviors, attitudes, and preferences. The findings from formative research are used to guide the design and implementation of the project to ensure it is relevant, effective, and likely to achieve its goals. Formative research often involves methods such as focus groups, interviews, observations, and surveys.