Exosomes are small membrane vesicles that are released by cells into the extracellular environment. They play a crucial role in cell-to-cell communication by carrying proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids that can be transferred between cells. Exosomes are involved in various physiological and pathological processes, including immune response, cancer progression, and neurological diseases. Research in the field of exosomes aims to understand their biological functions, biogenesis, and cargo content, as well as their potential applications in diagnostics and therapeutics.