Diptera is the order of insects commonly known as "true flies." This diverse group includes common fly species such as houseflies, mosquitoes, fruit flies, and crane flies. Diptera is one of the largest and most ecologically important orders of insects, with over 150,000 species described worldwide. Research in Diptera covers a wide range of topics, including taxonomy, systematics, ecology, behavior, physiology, and genetics. Dipteran insects play critical roles in ecosystems as pollinators, decomposers, and as food sources for other organisms. They are also significant vectors of diseases and parasites that can affect humans, livestock, and plants. Studies on Diptera can provide valuable insights into insect biology, evolution, and ecology, as well as contribute to the development of pest control strategies, disease prevention, and conservation efforts. Overall, research in Diptera is essential for understanding the biodiversity and functioning of ecosystems and addressing various environmental and public health challenges.