Denitrification is a microbial process in which nitrates are converted into nitrogen gas or other gaseous nitrogen compounds. This process occurs in anaerobic environments and plays a crucial role in the nitrogen cycle by returning nitrogen to the atmosphere in the form of nitrogen gas. Denitrification helps to regulate nitrogen levels in ecosystems and is important for maintaining soil fertility and water quality. Researchers study denitrification to better understand its role in nutrient cycling, as well as its potential applications in wastewater treatment and environmental remediation.