Conjugation is a form of genetic exchange in bacteria where a donor cell transfers genetic material, usually plasmids, to a recipient cell through direct cell-to-cell contact. This process allows for the transfer of genes that encode for traits such as antibiotic resistance, virulence factors, and metabolic capabilities. Conjugation plays a crucial role in bacterial evolution and the spread of antibiotic resistance. Researchers study conjugation to better understand the mechanisms involved and develop strategies to combat the spread of antibiotic resistance.