Complications in research refer to unexpected or undesired events or outcomes that arise during the course of a study. These complications can include issues with study design, data collection, analysis, interpretation, or ethical considerations. Complications can also arise from external factors such as changes in regulations, unforeseen events, or challenges in obtaining access to study participants or resources. Managing and addressing complications in research is important to ensure the validity and reliability of the study results. This may involve troubleshooting, making adjustments to the study protocol, seeking additional support or expertise, or considering alternative approaches to address the challenges that arise.