Complex systems refer to systems comprised of a large number of interacting components that exhibit complex behaviors and emergent properties not found in the individual components alone. These systems are characterized by non-linear relationships, feedback loops, and self-organization. Research in the field of complex systems seeks to understand how these systems evolve and behave over time, as well as how they can be controlled or influenced. This interdisciplinary field includes areas such as network science, chaos theory, self-organization, and agent-based modeling. Applications of complex systems research include studying the dynamics of ecosystems, predicting the spread of diseases, analyzing social networks, understanding the behavior of financial markets, and designing resilient and adaptive systems. Overall, complex systems research aims to provide insights into the underlying principles governing the behavior of complex systems and to develop methods for managing and harnessing their complexity.