Information Retrieval: Information retrieval is the process of accessing and retrieving relevant information from a collection of data, documents, or resources. It involves techniques and algorithms for searching, filtering, and organizing information to meet the needs of users. This research area focuses on improving the efficiency and effectiveness of information retrieval systems, such as search engines, recommender systems, and question answering systems. Key topics in information retrieval research include query understanding, relevance ranking, document retrieval, user modeling, and evaluation metrics.