1. Urban studies: This research area focuses on the study of cities and urban areas, including their development, design, planning, and management. Researchers in this field explore various aspects of urban life, such as transportation, housing, social inequality, sustainability, and cultural diversity. 2. Smart cities: Smart cities research focuses on the use of technology and data to improve the efficiency, sustainability, and quality of life in urban areas. Researchers in this field explore ways to integrate information and communication technologies into city infrastructure to enhance services, reduce energy consumption, and foster innovation. 3. Urban sociology: Urban sociology is a research area that examines the social dynamics and interactions within cities and urban areas. Researchers in this field study topics such as urban poverty, social inequality, community development, and urban culture. They explore how factors such as race, class, and gender influence urban life and shape social relationships in cities. 4. Urban planning: Urban planning research focuses on the design and development of cities, neighborhoods, and urban spaces. Researchers in this field study topics such as land use, zoning, transportation, and environmental sustainability. They work to create plans and policies that promote the efficient use of resources, enhance quality of life, and address the needs of diverse urban populations. 5. Global cities: Global cities research focuses on the role of major urban centers in the global economy and society. Researchers in this field study cities that serve as hubs for international business, finance, culture, and innovation. They explore how global cities connect with each other and impact global trends in trade, migration, and urban development.