Chaperonins are a class of molecular chaperones that assist in protein folding and assembly in a wide range of organisms, from bacteria to humans. They act as a protective, folding "cage" for proteins, preventing misfolding and aggregation. Chaperonins play a crucial role in maintaining protein homeostasis and preventing the accumulation of misfolded proteins, which can lead to cellular dysfunction and disease. Research in the field of chaperonins focuses on understanding their structure, function, and mechanisms of action, as well as their potential therapeutic applications in protein misfolding diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.