Cave research, also known as speleology, is the scientific study of caves, their physical characteristics, formation processes, and the organisms that inhabit them. Researchers in this field study the geology, hydrology, and ecology of caves in order to better understand the unique environments found underground. Cave research often involves exploring and mapping caves, analyzing cave formations such as stalactites and stalagmites, and studying the adaptations of cave-dwelling organisms. This research is important for conserving cave ecosystems and understanding the processes that create and shape these natural wonders.