Bit-flipping refers to a research area within computer science and information security that focuses on manipulating individual bits within a computer system's memory in order to compromise or exploit its functionality. This technique is often used in the context of cyber attacks, where an attacker may attempt to change specific bits of data in order to alter the behavior of a system or gain unauthorized access. Bit-flipping attacks can be used to corrupt data, bypass security measures, or cause system crashes. Researchers in this area study vulnerabilities in computer systems that could be exploited through bit-flipping, as well as potential defense mechanisms to mitigate these risks.